CFD/DEM coupled approach for the stability of caisson-type breakwater subjected to violent wave impact

Wave impacts on vertical caissons may cause breakwaters failures. This paper focuses the analysis of stability under violent wave by using a triple-coupled Fluid-Porous-Solid model. The fluid model is described Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations in which nonlinear Forchheimer for porous medium are added to inertia terms. solid model, based DDA method an implicit DEM method, has been used analyze movement and caisson armour units taking into account shapes armor units, as well contact between blocks. developed multiple purposes. Firstly, estimate variation maximum height impacting with breakwater slope. A new formula then established this purpose. Secondly, influence porosity thickness layer Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) distribution around structure. results show that higher thickness, lower TKE intensity will be. Finally, shaped placed behind caisson.